Poems After the Attack †A September 11th Anthology

In the years since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on America, poets and readers continue to turn to poetry in an effort to make sense of the devastation and the horror of that day. As Don Delillo wrote in Falling Man: A Novel: People read poems. People I know, they read poetry to ease the shock and pain, give them a kind of space, something beautiful in language . . . to bring comfort or composure. This collection comes to you accompanied by our hope that in your grief, anger, fear, confusion, or resolve  these poems offer you grace. Daniel Moore (Abd al-Hayy), â€Å"A Little Ramshackle Shack†Matthew Abuelo, â€Å"Upon 9/11†Adam, â€Å"If Only†Ken Adams aka Dudley Appleton, â€Å"911†Joe Aimone, â€Å"The W After†Cristin OKeefe Aptowicz, â€Å"WTC 9/11†Paula Bardell, â€Å"Silence (over Manhattan)†Tony Beyer, â€Å"In the Wake of America†Michael Brett, â€Å"Tomorrow†Tony Brown, â€Å"Dispatch from the Home Front: Halloween 2001†Penny Cagan, â€Å"September Eleventh†Lorna Dee Cervantes, â€Å"Palestine†David Cochrane, â€Å"Firefighters Prayer†Jim Cohn, â€Å"Ghost Dance†Julie Craig, â€Å"Before and After†Peter Desmond, â€Å"Good Morning, Uzbekistan!†Jesse Glass, â€Å"down†JD Goetz, â€Å"9/11/02†jj goss, â€Å"Aftermath of 9-11†Dorothea Grossman, â€Å"Ruins†Marj Hahne, â€Å"Remembrance† and â€Å"A New York Winter†Mary Hamrick, â€Å"An American Soldierâ € Elizabeth Harrington, â€Å"Normally†Judyth Hill, â€Å"Wage Peace†Michael Hillmer, â€Å"The Lights That Have Vanished†Bob Holman, â€Å"Cement Cloud†Larry Jaffe, â€Å"Will It Be Heard† and â€Å"5000 Souls Leaving†Karen Karpowich, â€Å"In Central Park†Eliot Katz, â€Å"When the Skyline Crumbles†John Kissingford, â€Å"September 12† and â€Å"Image†Doug McClellan, â€Å"Day One†Poet Laureate Billy Collins’ commemorative poem â€Å"The Names† in The New York TimesFormer Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky’s poem â€Å"9/11† in The Washington Postâ€Å"Poetry and Sept. 11: A Guided Anthology† by Robert Pinsky in Slateâ€Å"The Language of War and Peace,† special issue of Big Bridgeâ€Å"Words To Comfort,† a selection of poems and photographs from the NYC benefit readings October 17, 2001 in Jacket 15â€Å"Poems for the Time,† anthology collected by Alici a Ostriker in Moby Livesâ€Å"Poetry and Tragedy,† reactions and poems from the recent Laureates in USA Today

Essay on the Test of Faith in Hawthornes Young Goodman...

Young Goodman Brown:nbsp; A Test of Faith The story Young Goodman Brown is about a man and his faith in himself, his wife, and the community they reside in. Goodman Brown must venture on a journey into the local forest, refuse the temptations of the devil, and return to the village before sunrise. The time era is approximately a generation after the time of the witch trials. Goodman Browns struggle between good and evil is a struggle he does not think he can face. He reiterates his false confidence to himself repeatedly. Goodman knows what he must do but dreads the deed. Upon entering the forest he is suspicious of every rock and tree, thinking something evil will jump out at him. When he finally does meet someone on the trail,†¦show more content†¦When he sees this it destroys any faith he might of had in the community or himself and he appears to give-up. The following morning he finds himself in the forest and wonders what happened the previous night. Whether the scenes he witnessed were real or his imagination, he believes what he remembers and trusts no-one in the village, not even his wife. Goodman lives the rest of his years a miserable and distrusting man. The lead character is happy with the locals and his faith until his trip, when he is convinced they are all evil. Apon this discovery he, in a sense, becomes evil. Whether he actually meets satin, and the community is evil or he fell asleep and tricked himself, he turns out suspecting everyone. The author tells in the end that Goodman is distrusting after his journey, so he either did met the devil or fell asleep. The story seems to lean toward him meeting the devil in person. If Goodman had dreamt the entire trip the author would have probably described his anxiety with more detail in the beginning. This would have allowed the reader to believe that events were not real. When Goodman comes back he thinks he is better than the rest and judges everyone instantly. He then comes to the conclusion that he is the only person that is not a devil worshiper. Just as before with the witch trials, he is judging them as the so-called witches were judged by his ancestors. A reference to Martha Carrier is made is the story,Show MoreRelatedYoung Goodman Brown Analysis876 Words   |  4 PagesHawthorne’s story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† appears to be a story about original sin with a lot of symbolism tied in to make it an allegory. An allegory is a story that can be interpreted in different ways to find the hidden meaning behind the symbolism in the story. The three things focused on throughout the short story is Faith, the forest that Goodman Brown takes his journey through, and the staff, which the old man who leads Goodman Brown on his way carries. The short story, â€Å"Young Goodman BrownRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Wo rds   |  116 Pagesour knowledge and understanding of present events. Evaluating Plot Having studied a given story or novel, to see how the author has arranged and made us use the elements of plot, we should be ready to evaluate his or her success. The customary test of a plot’s effectiveness is its unity: the degree to which each episode and the place it occupies in the narrative structure of the work bear in some necessary and logical (or psychological) way upon the resolution of the initial conflict. In the

Liberalism -Equality - Fraternity and Liberty

Question: Discuss about the Liberalism -Equality, Fraternity and Liberty. Answer: Introduction Liberalism is a spectre that haunts Western political thought and practice. For some it is a site of the modern, an object of desire, even the telos of history. For others it represents an unfolding nightmare, signifying either the vicious logic of capitalism or a squalid descent into moral relativism. For others still, perhaps the majority, it is a mark of ambivalence, the ideological prerequisite for living a reasonably comfortable life in affluent democratic states the least worst option [1] Liberalism as defined under different arguments retains the concept of change as inherent to its nature. Considerer as a tradition it is the path one follows, towards a goal set in lessons of history, or alternatively as Bell represents it, could be the unfolding of a nightmare. In between these extreme ends, there are others who consider it is the way to live a better life. As a part of political thought processes and given its ability to have an influence on the lives of people, it could be said that liberalism would affect three pillars of citizen life which are liberty, equality and fraternity. [2]Liberty is the state of a person that renders them free in society to have their free will and exercise their political views and behavior without oppressions. Liberty as a concept is associated hence with independence, freedom of speech, sovereignty etc. Equality is the state of being equal, where all citizens of a state are considered and treated with equal right, and legal systems an d structures are just and fair or attempt to be so. Fraternity defines people as a group, as joining together in common interests and advocacies. Liberty, equality and fraternity are rightly called as ideals, as society can only attempt to reach them. Given this background context, this essay discusses, liberalism as a tradition of thought that re-understands its own past and is open to changes in the future. The discussion is carried out in reference to my understanding of the liberal approach to liberty, equality and fraternity. The essay discussion is carried out with theories and existing research evidences based on classical liberalism and the new liberalism of the twentieth century. Liberty Liberalism understood in the context of liberty will have to be defined in how liberty itself was understood over the ages and this is where the influence of history and traditions of the past and openness to changes in the future need to be incorporated. For instance, consider the school of thought of Hobbes. Hobbes is a limited liberal because of his thoughts on liberty. His view on liberal notions and the liberty of men is one that supports liberty by arguing for limitations of governance and at another end, he also supported notions of arbitrary and totalitarian rule. Authority according to Hobbes was an absolute notion and to be otherwise was to be considered as inviting of anarchy. Where the individual believed they had rights against their rulers, then according to Hobbes the system destabilizes to anarchy. However, the same theme of liberty considered in the context of religion, invited a different argument from Hobbes who believed that when individuals were deeply committed to some specific religious views that were handed out to them and that they had to follow to the word would cause anxiety to them. Having no leeway to scrutinize their beliefs or being able to reason on it without considering the consequence to eternal salvation puts the individual in a place of deep seated anxiety. Now in this context, Hobbes believes liberty would enhance their state of happiness. It would give them a way to practice their faith in ways that would work for them. In the context of security, and political concerns, liberalism and liberty was to be considered with a restricted sense, however in the context of spirituality and religion, more reasoning and rights was advocated. In current times, liberalism as applicable to religion and to politics might be taking a more balance sense. Being more liberal in questioning politicians and rulers has not led to a state of anarchy. As a tradition of thought, in current times the questioning of how liberalism worked in the pas t leads people to better understanding of how they can draw on intellectual and social freedom in the present. [3]Mills views on liberty is more utility constrained, it can be argued that he is a Hobbesian liberal because of this standpoint. However, in comparison to Hobbes, Mills is more liberal in his thinking as he argued for the utility context which is key to life and not just with religious aspects to it. [4]While the Hobbesian foundation as applied to the political life and liberty is more secure, the Mills approach lends itself to more flexibility here. Most understandings on liberalism and liberty for the individual however seem to balance between more true holistic meanings such as that of Hobhouses and also the religious aspects related meaning. As an example consider the first world war. American liberalism as defined during this time was had its roots in the seventeenth century and was more focused on religious toleration aspects. Liberalism became heavily centered and understood in the context of religious toleration and was also established in much of the publications during the 1920s especially. Fraternity, Equality and the New Liberalism Liberalism of the late nineteenth century saw a change. [5]Fraternity in context was established as a movement from individual rights to community rights. As Spragens states, "liberalism became divorced from its original morel culture and consequently became the atomistic brute contemporary communitarians rose up to slay"[6]. This was when liberalism also got slit up into libertarian and egalitarian values. The communications born in this time where forming a new liberalism.[7] Although according to Spragens, in this time neither of the libertarian group nor the egalitarian group were seen to be attending to problems that was being caused because of nature of humans, or the needed goals of the community, it could be said that both were formed as two separate camps with individuals coming into fraternity for what they believed to be ideology changes in society. The new liberalism in its transition however, considered both the individual and the community in a much more serious sense. Of the three goals in liberalism, fraternity as seen to be understood as a civic friendship that is critical and needed in order to make a flourishing community. So liberal individualism which was in change in order to make way for a new liberalism should not be considered as a normative atomism. Instead it should only be viewed according to Spragens as an insistence of autonomy which helps the individual develop their moral values and personal development in order to meet commu nity needs. Fraternity as is observed by Spragens in this sense, is one that should be a capstone goal for society. He believes that fraternity must be considered as communitarian and for this it was necessary for fraternity to be closely linked with the values of liberty. Fraternity, in the community sense can have quality only if it is connected with extensive liberties. Spragens definition of the new liberalism, and the arguments of fraternity and liberty being connected with one another makes sense, as an individual without autonomy and rights would not be part of a healthy community. I believe this argument of Spragens for understanding new liberalism, community, fraternity and liberty is what is wrong in society in current times. People might believe themselves to have too little autonomy to exercise their personal values because they are constrained in the macro environment. With little moral and personal development, they still manage to end up in a community, a group or fra ternity so to speak. [8]This leads to the formation of unhealthy communities as these are individuals who lack the proper moral and personal development to be a healthy member of the community. Furthermore, Spragens in his arguments is able to present a communitarian liberalism that is seen to be distinguished from either that of conservativism and socialism. The new liberalism that was born arose because of the issues with classical liberalism and hence it can be understood why this distinguishing was necessary. The classical liberalism crises were not only in the 19th century, but then it was in the understanding of history of liberalism before the 19th century that lead to the birth of the new liberalism. Classical liberalism believed in the rhetoric of liberty, fraternity and quality, however fraternity and equality was not really considered in the same context as it was discussed on paper. The spread of liberalism was not exactly equal and fraternization was not exactly aimed at improving everybody to the same level. There were very separate interests at stake here. More specifically it could be said that the key beneficiaries in the spread of liberalism who also were seen to be benefitting because of improved fraternity and efforts were that of the white and the middle class men. [9]Not everybody was equally benefitting here. Liberalism and its corner stone of equality was not met here. Additionally, the issues that were caused was not just because of economic ones or financial elements, but there was inequality in social levels as in the case of women, the lower working class population etc. Much of the literature records on liberalism in the case of Britain during the 19th century as recorded by European historian Elis Barker, seem to present the fact that liberalism was in a crises situation, an almost failure because it merely served to be reimposed as an older system. The older system that was based on privileges was only being used here again in a different form and there was no real change observed here. According to him, the old liberalism pretended to be democratic. Democratic ideals of equality were seen to be emphasized here but were not in actuality kept. Where in the past there was equality issues based on the privileged or the people with landed property, the spread of liberalism resulted in a different set of issues where the money merchants and the m anufacturers took up the lead in supremacy. [10]Dukes and earls of yesteryears who were observed to indulge in power play handed out to the merchants and the manufacturers. So equality was not in fact improved by the spread of liberalism but merely was a superimposition of the existing order in a different state. As an example consider the case of the corn law in England. Where a free trade could have supported better equality during these times, the free trade would have hurt the manufacturers. The corn law was specifically proposed in order to ensure that this situation did not happen. The Corn law in England was an example of using liberalism in order to falsely promote democracy. Sir Robert Peel in endorsing the corn law was in fact ensuring that a cotton policy conducive to the growth of the manufacturers was being followed. This is a lesson to take from history on how liberalism has been used for the wrong reasons. It was as if liberalism was being applied in a sense to ensure that one industry, manufacturers or the new elites were being benefitted and not everybody. True liberalism would have ensured equality was given proper pride of place. A similar form of failure in liberalism was also observed during the 1845 in England. This was a time when there was a potato famine in Ireland. T ill date this is considered as one of the critical shortcomings of Liberalism. The potato famine was a crucial one as the land was dependent on potatoes as a main food. The population was very dependent on the crop and the potato blight in 1845 led to a famine like situation in Ireland. The country then had to rely on relief in order to get through the situation. During this time England worked as best as it could in collecting information and ensuring the blight was met. Some of the officials were seen to work with a bureaucratic earnestness in order to organize relief for the country. However, the criticism that is presented here is that in doing so, they attempted to follow liberal policies that were in fact prohibiting the very nature of how they should have been helping in reality. Only a meager relief was arranged here and millions starved as a result. Given this context, New Liberalism was a better answer to the equality problem. New liberalism is not a cure to many inequality issues, however it makes an attempt to solve some of them. For instance, consider how the new liberals view the poverty issue. The poverty issue is considered as a threat to both the liberty of an individual and also to their social progress. [11]The argument connecting liberty with equality in reduction of poverty is a consideration that was apparently not that well recognized in classical liberalism. New liberals considered poverty as a threat as it was a corner stone for other inequality issues to develop. In the eradication of poverty, it would be possible to have an impetus to solve many more inequality issues in future. In the eradication of poverty, the fraternity of people that are formed in order to voice their political thoughts or religious thinkings might improve.[12] According to the communitarian that Sparge presented, the moral and personal de velopment of the individual is what would help in development of better quality communitarians and where there is poverty this would not be possible. [13]On the other hand, where there is better advancement in the context of alleviating poverty and related issues then key principles of social democracy, equality and fraternity comes to be respect. Because of the growth of the healthy individual and healthy communities, liberty in sense is not accomplished but instead becomes a way of life. A coherent system of government would then be formed. [14]Samuel in a pamphlet in 1902 writes about poverty as the foremost evil. He states that of all obstacles that might stop a man from advancing towards a good living and of all the evils the one that politics must actually work to help stop is poverty. Given this understanding of poverty, it is hence easy to state how poverty will breed poverty, poverty breeds inequality, political injustices, impeded individual liberty and more. In current society, at the core of these issues poverty is still being handled. In the early twentieth century poverty was considered and fought for in a similar way. Not everybody viewed poverty as a social failure or as a problem that had roots in many things. In fact, some of the population viewed poverty as an individual failure. [15]Conservative critics believed that poverty was created because of the individual. They believed that the individual failed in his work or actions and that was the reason he was in poverty. They also believed that poverty as such was a natural order meaning poverty was a part of society and that every individual should self-help themselves in order to rise above poverty. However, new liberalism did not view poverty as a natural order, it was considered as the failure of soc iety more than that of the individual and the concept of self-help in poverty was viewed differently. The liberalism that came to be did not considered self-help as not being necessary, self-help was a good way to come out of poverty and people should use whatever was in their means in order to rise above their poverty situation, however it was also acknowledged that this alone might not be enough. People in poverty might not have the social and economic advantage that could have helped them in finding opportunities and hence it was necessary to consider poverty as a social failure. Mistakes of the past indeed highlighted how poverty was seen to be a problem area where self-help alone would not be useful, so for a cure of poverty it was necessary to identify the roots of it. When poverty situation was prevented or was addressed, then self-help works, and personal efficiency also came to form a role here. [16]The industry, the energy, dedication and more of the ill-nurtured child wou ld come to be better acknowledged and with time there would be effective means to restore everything to equality. New liberalism which came to be was one that focused on the reasons that old liberalism failed. Lessons were taken from old liberalism to understand how education, health and employment situations of people could be improved. The new liberals however were not without their challenges. They were challenges in how to restore better economic order and equality in such a way so as to not interfere with the personal liberty of people. Personal liberty of people was at stake here as not everybody would want to follow a social order that was more giving to the society, it was necessary to consider the elites of society as well as the downtrodden. In this way, it could be said that liberalism is constantly changing, learning from the past. [17]There are beneficial changes but there are also issues as seen in the context of change from classical liberalism to new liberalism which supposedly challenged personal liberty in considering communication values and also challenges the rights of free trade and more. Conclusion Liberalism is a tradition of thought which re-understands its own past and is open to changes in the future. This is indeed true as the discussion based on existing research articles indicate. Liberalism in an attempt to understand its past and its failures is actually able to better construct its future. It is seen that liberalism as presented in the context of liberty, equality and fraternity does hold much implications for change, be it the classical liberalism or the new liberalism. The scope of the essay was to consider classical liberalism and new liberalism in the context of understanding how lessons in history lead to a better one for the future. Some key aspects were discussed more, such as that of poverty which is seen to be a main factor in the issues of equality. Poverty as affecting and poverty related policies as implicated with liberty of the individual was also discussed. The limitations of this essay was that it does not present the ways modern liberalism came to be, nor discuss how the new liberals came to understand and work on ensuring policies of supporting equality in the context of poverty without touching upon concepts of competitive and free market economy. Taxation was considered as one of the solution for this issue, however even in current times the issues of poverty and more exist. The concept of liberalism can be said to be still developing and still modifying based on lessons of the past. References Angus Burgin, The Great Persuasion (Cambridge: HUP, 2012) Anthony Grafton, The History of Ideas, Journal of the History of Ideas, 67 (2006), 1. Bell, Duncan. "What is liberalism?."Political Theory42.6 (2014): 682-715. Boyd Martin, Liberalism, Western Political Quarterly, 1 (1948), 295. Francis Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? (London: Granta, 1999), 338 Freeden, Michael. "The ideology of new labour."The Political Quarterly70.1 (1999): 42-51. Gaus, Gerald F., and Chandran Kukathas, eds.Handbook of political theory. Sage, 2004. Gaus, Gerald.The order of public reason: A theory of freedom and morality in a diverse and bounded world. (Cambridge University Press, 2011). Heller A The Complexity of Justice ... 9 Ratio Juris (1996) 138 Larmore C The Morals of Modernity Cambridge UP 1996 Mill J On Liberty and Other Writings Cambridge UP 1989 Morrow, John. "Private property, liberal subjects, and the state."The new liberalism: reconciling liberty and community(2001): 92-114. Mouffe, Chantal.The democratic paradox. verso, 2000. Raz J The Morality of Freedom Clarendon 1986 Rose, Nikolas. "Community, citizenship, and the third way."American behavioral scientist43.9 (2000): 1395-1411. Ryan A The Making of Modern Liberalism Princeton UP 2012 Schofield, Barry. "Partners in power: Governing the self-sustaining community."Sociology36.3 (2002): 663-683. Simhony, Avital, and David Weinstein.The New Liberalism: reconciling liberty and community. (Cambridge University Press, 2001). Spragens Thomas A "Reconstructing Liberal Theory: Reason and Liberal Culture" in Damico, Liberals on Liberalism, p.36 Sweet, William.The moral, social and political philosophy of the British idealists. Andrews UK Limited, 2015. Wagner, Peter.A sociology of modernity: Liberty and discipline. Routledge, 2002. Walzer M Liberalism and the Art of Separation 12 Political Theory (1984) 315 Walzer Politics and Passion Yale UP 2004

Perceptual Errors Essays - Cognitive Biases, Social Psychology

Perceptual Errors Perceptual Organization (1) Similarity is described as the tendency to group similar items. Similarity is much like stereotyping. Stereotyping is when someone judges another person on the perception of the group to which that person belongs. Proximity is described as the tendency to group elements that are close together. Implicit theories allow the presence of one characteristic to bring up a list of other characteristics that one would think goes with it. Implicit theories group elements that close together. Closure is the tendency to fill in the gaps in incomplete stimuli. A perception of people that apply to closure would be the Halo Effect. The halo effect allows one salient characteristic to overshadow ones evaluation of another in multiple arenas. In other words a person will fill in the gaps of another person. Continuation is the tendency to organize stimuli into continuous lines or patterns. Selective Perception is much like continuation. Selective perception is the continuing to justify ones own values, beliefs, etc. Simplicity is the tendency to reduce stimuli to their simplest shapes or patterns. The Actor-Observer Bias is a good example of simplicity. The observer in the actor-observer bias only sees the actual behavior of the actor. The observer only can assume things from the behavior and not the internal factors contributing to the actors behavior. Perceptual Errors (2) During the exam the proctor used contrast, selective perception and stereotyping to form a conclusion about a certain student. When the proctor noticed the student looking around the room during the exam he was evaluating that students behavior with the behavior of the other students who were all looking down at their desks taking their exams. (CONTRAST) Later, when the proctor saw the student and his classmate talking to one another he assumed the two students were cheating. The proctor was selectively interpreting what he saw on the basis of his background and experience as a professor. (SELECTIVE PERCEPTION) When the proctor finally accused the student of cheating the proctor had no evidence he didnt hear the students conversation or see the student looking at others exams. The professor judged the student on his perception of what was possible going on in a group of students during an exam. (STEREOTYPING) (3) An Example Of A Time That I Was Misperceived I am from Kansas City and moved to Salisbury a year ago. Well, when people would find out that I was from Kansas many thought that I must have lived on a farm, had never seen the ocean, that I must be unsophisticated and if I knew Dorothy. Much to everyones surprise I grew up in a big city and went to the beach every summer for vacation. I wasnt the unsophisticated hick everyone thought. People who met me for the first time stereotyped me with their perceptions of the Midwest. There are a lot of farms in Kansas but I didnt live on one. People also used selective perception in perceiving me because they disregarded the information that was inconsistent with their thoughts on Kansas. Attribution Theory (4) A recent event in my life that led to an unexpected outcome was just a couple weeks ago I was assigned to a group in one of my classes. I thought my group had a lot of good ideas and that we would do really well working on a presentation together. Well, my group turned out to be really lazy and not wanting to put a lot of effort into the project. I was really worried about getting a good grade on my project because my grade depended on three other people. I ended up receiving a grade lower than I had expected. I classify my attribution as external unstable. (5) My roommate is always doing homework and studying but is always being interrupted by her boyfriend. She had an exam last week and thought that she would do okay on it but when she got it back she had failed. She blamed it on the professor but I blamed it on the time she spends with her boyfriend. I classify my attribution as internal, unstable. (6) Managers often attribute employees poor performance to internal causes. The affected employee often attributes the outcome to external

Feminism in China during the late twentieth century

multinational Company analyze essays

multinational Company analyze essays There are many competing mobile phone companies in the market and more and more new entrants everyday. Nokia is one of the leading companies in the mobile phone industry and has more than 30 market segments in different countries around the world. To compare the Nokias market line in different countries different websites in five different countries were observed: Nokia United Kingdom, Nokia China, Nokia Deutschland, Nokia France, and Nokia USA to analyze the difference. First point worth mentioning is the difference in languages for the various websites of different countries. Observing this we see the localization necessary so that the local people can understand the websites info and review the product line. In most of the websites, the standardized information is translated and the main pages are designed in a similar format with some variations in the layout. However, many of the sites when most of the site links are visited the observable difference can be distinguished. Some of the phones offered in one countrys website are were not offered in the other websites, thus some cultural influences can be seen in the different websites. For example the Nokia 9500 offered in UK is not offered in France or Germany. The Nokia 9500 folds open to display a screen for internet access, receiving stock updates and emails. The UK market is more likely to purchase the 9500 for their lifestyle implementation then the market in France or Germany. The website in China emphasizes more on chatting and instant messenger and stay connected with friends. At the US website, there are emphases on the reliability and easy operation of the products; and many accessory links are provided. The website for France however does not provide the extensive accessory link provided by the US site. Nokia adapted or localized its website to best provide the information desirable for the market segment it is presenting to. In all websites ...

Organization Change in Educational Institutions Essay - 10

Organization Change in Educational Institutions - Essay Example The concentration of the majority of service providers remains the condition of corrective support to individual clients; taking into account of the big picture, which includes system-wide deterrence and intervention, frequently does not occur (Greve 2003). Several kinds of literature associated with intended organizational change have emerged, but most are not aimed at important school practitioners such as guidance counselors, teachers, and administrators. In addition, hardly any books or articles on consultation published in the recent years include sufficient discussions of organizational consultation, in spite of the fundamental function that change at this discipline should fulfill in the educational transformation movement. The published evidence-based practice of the process is even more difficult to find. There have been a number of current developments, though, in the conceptual literature on organizational change that is more and more manifested in practice in educational institutions. For example, from the 1960s to the 1980s, organizational change embarks on largely concerned long-established organizational development frameworks in which either consultants or administrators had the primary function in developing and instigating change. Nowadays, though, such frameworks no longer seem to be as much fashionable (Harrison 1994), and a dissimilar body of components manifesting more collaborative attempts typifies effective intended-changed approaches. Further, there is a growing appreciation of the ecological perspective in which collaborative relationships between individual and small groups take place. Cases of various recent initiatives that demonstrate these developments will be discussed in this essay.

Alternative Media Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative Media Analysis - Essay Example The analysis would cover the message, the message maker, the interpretation and finally, a concluding portion. The Message The video clips are shown through YouTube and the messages that were imparted by the visuals are repeatedly promoting the fair and balanced reporting at Fox News. Apparently, there are various former fox employees who were interviewed and recorded that attest that at Fox News, they were given internal memos usually at the start of the day indicating what to talk about, what not to talk about and how to deliver the report and the job of the reporter is to execute the plan. These people disclosed that Fox News is merely a proponent of a point of view (YouTube). Ironically, the first part of the video visualized words that relayed the message: â€Å"your mind is controlled by the rich who owns America’s media† (YouTube). The first testimonial was delivered by Bob McChesney, Founder of Free Press and author of â€Å"The Problem of the Media† clea rly argued that â€Å"the revolutionary breakthrough with the Fox News is eliminative broadcasting† (YouTube). ... America has acknowledged that there are in fact â€Å"false, distorted, caricaturing† of information that are repeatedly broadcasted to form images in the public’s mind. The last message delivered by Roger Ailes, Fox News CEO and Chairman states that they are â€Å"premier journalists who aim to restore objectivity, deemed to be lacking†¦ and their objective is to present fine, balanced journalism† (YouTube). The Message Maker The video clips were uploaded through YouTube, revealed to be â€Å"founded in 2005 by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim, who were all early employees of PayPal. YouTube is the leader in online video, sharing original videos worldwide through a Web experience† (TechCrunch par. 1). It has been acquired by the search engine Google, â€Å"serving more than two billion videos a day, it has become the clear leader in online video sharing† (Hoover's Inc. 1). Compared with Fox News, the information and contents shown and u ploaded at YouTube appear to be more objective showing details as viewers deem them necessary to be revealed in their entirety as possible through their respective software capabilities. The News Fox video clips were uploaded by The Great Revolt, where information profile check only indicates the name of the creator as a certain Justin from the United States and joined the site in April 14, 2008. Interpretation Honestly, one is disappointed and disgusted with the contents of the video – if indeed, the contentions were true. A quick search on their official website indicates that Fox News Channel provides â€Å"a 24-hour all-encompassing news service devoted to delivering fair and balanced coverage of the day’s news events† (News Corporation 1). This validates the visual communication found in the video clips where the words

Kim Challenger Essay Example for Free

Kim Challenger Essay What do your chosen three stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyles stories tell us about English society in the nineteenth century? The three short stories I have decided to study are, The Speckled Band, Silver Blaze, and The Man with the Twisted Lip. These were all written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and are of a detective genre. They were first published in a magazine in the Victorian times called The Strand. The stories are all of a similar length because they fitted into columns in the magazine and were all short stories. On Conan Doyles last story, The Final Problem, there was a public outcry because they loved Sherlock Holmess character so much and Conan Doyle killed him off. As a result of this outcry, Conan Doyle was forced to bring him back in The Empty House, in 1905. The Victorian period is the time when Queen Victoria ruled the British Empire from 1837 to 1901. It was a time of growth in the areas of wealth, technology, culture and literature. There was a class system and this was believed to have been dictated by God. There were three classes; upper class, middle class and working class. There was also an underclass who could not support themselves and lived in extreme poverty. The upper class consisted of the Queen, aristocrats, lords and ladies. The middle class consisted of businessmen and the working class consisted of servants. The Victorians were very religious; they went to church every Sunday and said prayers before meals. The vast majority of them were Anglican. Life for women and children was unbearably hard. As soon as a child could walk, it was expected to work; making matchboxes was one of the main jobs for children as it was easy. Women from all classes were expected to be married young and to raise a family of their own. Few marriages in the middle and upper classes were love matches, but were arranged by parents. Victorian London is where Sherlock is based but not necessarily where all the crimes took place. For example, I (Watson) walked holding my breath to keep out the vile, stupefying fumes of the drug. This took place in The Man with the Twisted Lip. This story was set in London.

Marketing Management Assignment At Tescos Business Commerce Essay

Marketing Management Assignment At Tescos Business Commerce Essay The biggest private supermarket Tesco has more than 360000 employees all over the world .More than 80% of total sales are from England. Tesco runs more than 2,300 supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience stores in the UK. Tesco is the market leader in grocery. Tesco also provides the facilities of online market. They are promotion their business with the help of television and other retail based education centre. Tesco operates more than 10 countries including Korea ,China and Japan .They have recently opened their branches in Us .They have expanded their market in four kind of storage range which are Tesco metro which is established in big city and town. Where we can buy a lot of food items. Tesco super store, which is wide range of non- food items Tesco extra is generally food and non food items including the seasonal items. Now days, Tesco is a market leader in UK supermarket sector. Tesco express has located small areas where we can buy fresh local food. Swot analysis Swot analysis is the most important and first stage of planning. It is a feedback mechanism to make new strategies for any organisation. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats are the four components of a swot analysis. Weaknesses and Strengths are correlated and examine the internal part of the business analysis whereas Opportunities and Threats deal with the external environment of business operation. Weaknesses and strengths refer to aspect of marketing, finance, manufacturing or organisational structure. Swot analysis helps clarifies the objectives of the organisation. Strength of Tesco Good reputation among the costumer. Strong financial support. Good and healthy environment and low cost policy. Awareness of brand. Global market and same production but different quality base on diversity stake holders. Global leader in online grocery sales. Diverse range product and 24 hour open. On line shopping and Diversification Weakness of Tesco International brand and local competitors. Lack of enough self services. Lack of experiences on local market. Not good location. Lack of good quality. Opportunities of Tesco A strong customer demand and good services. Arrival of new technologies. International expansion. Increases stakeholders and globalizations market.. Low cost market. Threats of Tesco Strong competitive market. New regulations and increased trade barrier. High Competition for customers and resources. Changing social trends. Marketing Objective of Tesco The biggest supermarkets might have the following objectives. More than 20% target in market share. More than 10% target in terms of operations margin. Customer sponsorship and encouragements. Employee motivation and performance management. Respected corporation(the number of stakeholders who respect Tesco) Tesco manager must ensure that its sets SMART marketing objectives, which are measurable, timely limited, attainable and relevant. Marketing Strategy of Tesco After the market research Tesco manager applied retail strategy to find who their customers are in each market and what they want now and in the future. Tesco execute all the retail process system and trade system of government that enables them to express to the customer. Tesco manager wants to find out the customer needs and satisfaction and he give it to them. Tesco manager helped to extend a succession of supermarket from being an unbeneficial also ran to being market leader with a 33% market share and a 4% base line. Tesco manager keep together teams of consultant that had developed all the strategies that Tesco and the worldwide leading retailers supermarkets. Tesco flow the retail strategy into their market to find out who their customers are, what they want, but above all can actually deliver consistently to the customer. . Tesco has a clear strategy, with growth being pursue from four areas; The core UK grocery business, Non-food, International expansion and Retailing services such as financial services packages. Essentially, Tesco is using its heavy firm core to maintain the business instant over as it forge new riskier areas of growth. Pushing further into non-food in the next phase Lidl and Aldi are currently destroying the bazaar by selling the products lower cost price. Therefore, Tescos basic strategy will have to be cost leadership, unless Tesco manager can successfully differentiate their line of clothing so that they can charge a premium price. Tesco have adopted an environmental open policy. It will assist them to attain a more environmentally conscious representation .They have continued to lower prices and raise their manufactured goods ranges year on year. That is an example of Tesco cost-leadership strategy as well as capability to lock in customers any marketing strategy will involve analysing the markets, customer needs and satisfaction, and which products to offer. These strategies are implemented through marketing plans, which involve detailed decisions about factors such as the price and the way of product distributed. So Tesco must decide on its model of entry in terms of, own stores, Internet selling or joint venture with an existing national retailer. Strategic Analysis of Tesco Tesco managers face so many obstacles in trying to find out the environments and its threats. First obstacle is environment of Tesco. Environment creates many different influences and it makes sense of this diversity in a way which is direct concern and contributes to make strategy decision. The second difficult is changing new technology and speed of global communication, for analysing the environment we have to auditing the environmental influence on business. It is important that what kind of environment influence have been face in past. And the extent to which can make only of these more or less significant in the future for any employers and their competitors. In past analysis we have to analyze its factor and influence on an organization. Such kind of influence is a growing trend of organization towards globalisation and possible future of organization. It helps to consider the existing strategic which might need to change. Pest analysis Political/legal Political factors can have a direct impact on the way business operation. In political factors includes governments regulations and legal issues which defined formal and informal rules Governments tax policy. Health and safety law. New governments law and policy. Political situation and governments stability. Employment law, politician trade and labour union. Economic factors It is true that all business is affected by economic factors of country. Economics factors affected the purchasing power of customers. Per -Capita income and interest rate. Trade union and economic condition of nation. Government lone, money supply interest rates. Economic crisis. Unemployment rate of country. 3) Socio cultural factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects. Social factors direct affected customer and needs and size of customer in potential markets Mobility of society. New remarkable change in human life style. Education level and different culture and society. Different attitudes and social trends. Social transfer, Tradition perception and new globalization world. 4) Technological New changeable technology is being more challenging for any organisations and it is changing the way business operates. Some technological factors that direct related to Tesco are: The rate of changing technology. New scientific attitude and miss use. Nuclear innovation, its fear and effect on globalization market. The Rates of obsolescence and Government investment and focus on technology effort. In 2008 Update on Tesco UK Online Market Share was: Tesco 27.1% Asda 10.1% Aldi (which doesnt sell online) 9.5% Sainsburys 6.9% Waitrose / Ocado on 4.2% The above table shows that Tesco is more successful and market leaders organization in UK (in terms of market share) Business scorecard of Tesco We can define the business scorecard as performance management tool, which began as a concept for determine whether the first scale outcomes in terms of Tesco vision and strategy. It helps to Tesco for define the value, mission and SWOT analysis. The business scorecard is base on for perspective; Financial status of the Tesco. The internal process of the Tesco. The level of customer satisfaction of Tesco. Education and development process of Tesco. The main area of financial perspective is return on investment, cash flow, return on capital employees and financial results of Tesco. Internal business process shows that number of activities per function, duplicate activities across function, process arrangement and process bottlenecks. In customer satisfaction level we can define quality and delivery performance to customer, customer satisfaction and retention rate and customer overflow in market. Job satisfaction, employee turnover, learning opportunities and accurate level of skill for the job are the area of education and development process. The implementation of business scorecards The business scorecard must consequence in: Enhanced process of Tesco. Encouraged workers. Improved information system. Monitored development. Huge customer approval. Improved monetary convention. l l Conclusion Any marketing strategy will involve analysing the markets, customer needs and satisfaction, and which products to offer. These strategies are implemented through marketing plans, which involve detailed decisions about factors such as the price and the way of product distributed. So Tesco must decide on its model of entry in terms of, own stores, Internet selling or joint venture with an existing national retailer Tesco is the marker leader in food retail on the current market situation. It more than 2000 supermarket, hypermarkets and convenience store in the UK, Ireland, central Europe and Asia. The objective vision and strategy of Tesco are cleared. Especially the case study is focus on Tesco strategy and its business scorecard, which determine the performance management tools. Business scorecard helps to Tesco for define the value and its four prospective. Tesco has the different marketing strategy; Tescos basic strategy will have to be cot leadership and growth. Tesco want to be a bet supermarket in its stakeholder perception so it complies with law and ethnical standard. Tesco maintain clean organized culture and respect to customers. We can found that Tesco plc marketing strategy is different and sample then other local supermarkets. They flow different policy and management process in each store.

Witness Statement

Witness Statement/Bosnia I think that we should not go to war unless the United States’ military, citizens, or leaders are involved in the problem. A very good example of when we did help and it ended badly was what happened in Bosnia in 1992. Many different ethnic and religious groups lived together under a repressive communist government in Yugoslavia. In April 1992, Serbia set out to ethnically cleanse the Bosnian territory by removing all Bosnian Muslims, the Bosniaks, after the president Tito died in 1980.In 1993, The UN learned about this cleanse and made Sarajevo and many other places safe areas for Bosniaks. Slobodan Milosevic responded to the UN by attacking Bosniaks and surrounding Sarajevo. He blocked all roadways and closed down all the airports in Sarajevo. The Serbs then opened fire on thousands of UN peacekeepers and other citizens. This was the largest massacre in Europe since World War 2 by killing a rough total of 23,000 women and children and 8,000 men, whic h many were part of the UN aid.The UN tried to help again by sending thousands of flights to try and air lift the remaining people out of this unsafe area. In December 1995, the U. S. led negotiations that ended the conflict in Bosnia and provided a force to maintain the problems in the area until it was safe. Some could argue that the UN’s help was critical to stopping this issue, but I think it made it worst. I understand that the issue would have been terrible if no one stepped in but the Serbs didn’t actually do something until they noticed that the UN declared a safe zone.The UN making a safe zone made Milosevic angry and he then took over the safe zone. It was unnecessary for anyone to get involved in this issue besides the Serbs and Bosniaks. There were many deaths that could have been stopped if the UN just left the situation unfold by itself. I think that we should not go to war unless we are a part of the problem and this is a perfect example of why.

Script The Dolls That Nobody Wanted

AUDIO Japanese Doll: Oh! Boxing Doll: What’s the matter? Japanese Doll: I’m awake! Boxing Doll: Of course, you’re awake! It’s midnight! Japanese Doll: Midnight! Boxing Doll: All dolls wake up at midnight! Japanese Doll: Do they? Boxing Doll: Everybody knows that! Japanese Doll: Will†¦ will they wake up, too? Boxing Doll: Look. They are dolls aren’t they? And it is midnight, isn’t it? And I told you before – all dolls wake up at midnight! Japanese Doll: Oh! Thank you. VISUAL Boxing Doll moves a little, stretches, yawns, flexes his muscles began to shadowbox. Suddenly Not understanding Loud, slow, clear, trying to be patient with her Frightened Looking at the others Losing his patience Japanese Doll nods in fright Japanese Doll continues to nod Pause, she is all the more frightened because the Boxing Doll talked loud at her. Timidly Boxing Doll: I’m Sorry! Japanese Doll: Sorry? Boxing Doll: For hollering. You wouldn’t know because you’re new. Japanese Doll: I was only made today. Boxing Doll: You’re pretty! Japanese Doll: Am I, Am I really pretty? Boxing Doll: I think you’re beautiful! Maybe somebody will buy you. Japanese Doll: Oh! Boxing Doll: I don’t see why somebody didn’t buy you today. The shop was full; everybody wanted dolls. Why didn’t somebody buy you? Japanese Doll: Is it good to be bought? Boxing Doll: Yes! Japanese Doll: Why? Boxing Doll: It’s the best thing that could ever happen to a doll ? to be bought, to be brought home; to be owned by somebody, to be loved. Japanese Doll: How do you know? Boxing Doll: Never mind. I know. Japanese Doll: Did somebody buy you? Boxing Doll: Yes. Japanese Doll: Then why are you here in the toy shop? Boxing Doll: They†¦. they brought me back. Japanese Doll: Oh! Please don’t cry! Boxing Doll: I’m not crying! Boxing dolls never cry! Japanese Doll: Who bought you? Boxing Doll: A man†¦a real big man. He was always laughing. He came into the shop,right through that door and he looked at the baby dolls, and said â€Å"No! † Then looked at the soldier dolls and said â€Å"Maybe† Then he looked at me and said â€Å"Yes, sir! This is the one! † and he picked me right up! Japanese Doll: Did he like you? Boxing Doll: He put me on the counter and he said to the toymaker, â€Å"I like this one. Does he box? † Japanese Doll: Do you box? Japanese Dolls smiles and is not afraid anymore. Walking around her Happy Sober judgment. This is too much for Japanese Doll. She looks down blushes. Wondering Curious With emotion Wondering Brushing away his tears, because a boxing doll should never cry Guessing This is the worst shame for any doll Touched. She puts her hand on his shoulder. Boxing doll is crying Ashamed, angry Remembering his days of glory Proud Breathless with excitement Boxing Doll: Sure, I box! The toymaker wound me up, and I worked out, right there on the counter! And when he saw me working out, the big man laughed and slapped his knee and said, â€Å"That’s exactly what I want! I’ll take five of those! I want a boxing stable for my little boy. † Japanese Doll: A stable? Boxing Doll: That’s what you call when a man owns many boxers. Japanese Doll: Oh! Boxing Doll: So he took me home! Japanese Doll: Right then? Boxing Doll: Right then! He said to the toymaker: â€Å"You can send the other four, but I’ll carry this one! † And he brought me to his office! Japanese Doll: Ooooh! Boxing Doll: I worked out for all the men. They stood me on the floor and I worked out. Japanese Doll: Did they like you? Boxing Doll: Everybody liked me! And that night he took me home, and he showed me to his wife, at night, after the little boy was in bed. I was a secret! Japanese Doll: Why secret? Boxing Doll: I was a Christmas present! Japanese Doll: Oh! Boxing Doll: Then they put me in a big drawer, with many other beautiful presents, but I was the only doll! Japanese Doll: How nice! Boxing Doll: At night I would talk to the necklace, and to the fountain pen, and to the eggbeater. Japanese Doll: An eggbeater! Boxing Doll: It was a beautiful silver eggbeater. Japanese Doll: Oh! But how did you get back here? Boxing Doll: Oh. . . that!. . . Yeah. . . The other boxing dolls arrived. The four of them. Japanese Doll: And what happened? Boxing Doll: Well, one night the big man took me out of the drawer. He said: â€Å"Come on, champ. † That’s what he call me, champ. He said: â€Å"Come on, champ. We have some sparring partners for you. † So he set me up against another boxing doll, and that other boxing doll Pitying her for her ignorance Humbly Proud Excited Happy for his triumph Modesty. Shadowboxing Pause Lost in memories Defending his fellow presents Boxing Doll is smiling with the memories Brought back to earth Proud hit me, and I fell down! Japanese Doll: No! Boxing Doll: Yes! I fell down. So the big man stood me up again, and said: â€Å"Come on, champ. Go get him. † This time I tried real hard, but the other boxing doll hit me only once, and I fell down again! Japanese Doll: No! Boxing Doll: Yes! He tried me against all the other four, and each one knocked me down immediately. When the other four boxed with each other, they stayed up, but if any of them boxed with me, I fell down. Japanese Doll: Did you get hurt? Boxing Doll: My paint was scratched†¦ Well, the big man picked me up and said to his wife: â€Å"Marge†¦ that was her name ? Marge†¦ He said: â€Å" Marge, you better take this one back and exchange it. There’s something wrong with its equilibrium. † Japanese Doll: Equi†¦ equi†¦. Boxing Doll: E – qui – lib – ri – um. That means balance. Japanese Doll: Oh! Boxing Doll: So they put me back in the drawer. And that night, at midnight, when we all woke up, the other boxing dolls told me that they were very sorry. Japanese Doll: They shouldn’t have knocked you down! Boxing Doll: No. It wasn’t their fault. A boxing doll has to box†¦ It was my fault! I couldn’t stand up†¦ I’m defective. Japanese Doll: You’re not! Boxing Doll: Yes, I am. I’m defective†¦So I crept out of the drawer and went to bed of the little boy ? the one who was supposed to get me ? and the painting angels where there. Japanese Doll: The Painting angels? Boxing Doll: The angels who paint the lines on your face at night†¦ nd the painting angels told me that the little boy was dreaming of me! Japanese Doll: How old was the little boy? Boxing Doll: Three†¦with black curls on his forehead†¦He never saw me, except in that dream†¦So I kissed him goodbye†¦and I went back to the drawer †¦ and â⠂¬ ¦. And†¦. And here I am. Horrified Slowly He chokes a little Japanese Doll: Couldn’t†¦couldn’t the toymaker fix you? Boxing Doll: He never tried†¦ I’m the doll that nobody wanted. Japanese Doll: I like you! . . I†¦ I think you’re a very nice doll. Boxing Doll: Thanks†¦ I†¦ I hope somebody buys you. Japanese Doll: You think they might? Boxing Doll: Sure. . . ou’re very pretty. Somebody will buy you. . . Japanese Doll: Oh! Boxing Doll: What’s the matter? Japanese Doll: My left arm! Boxing Doll: What’s the matter with your left arm? Japanese Doll: I don’t have one! French Soldier: Viola! Merci beaucoup! Dou pain s’il vous plait. Chevrolet coupe. What goes on here? Boxing Doll: She doesn’t have any left arm! Siamese Virgin: The poor, poor thing! Chinese Maiden: Never mind. You are very beautiful. Even with only one arm. You are very beautiful. Japanese Doll: But nobody will ever buy me , with only one arm! Muslim Warrior: Maybe the toymaker could sell you at half price! Japanese Doll: Half price! Igorot Dancer: Couldn’t the toymaker give her another arm? Boxing Doll: He won’t. He never does. French Soldier: He makes no effort to repair us. Mias non! No effort! Japanese Doll: If he made the rest of me so beautiful, could he not give me just one more arm? Siamese Virgin: I do not know why this is so. But he does not repair us. French Soldier: Like my leg. My stiff leg. A leg with no joint! Could he not put a joint? Yes! But does he put a joint? No!†¦. Bah!†¦ Who wants a soldier with a stiff leg! Siamese Virgin: At least your defect is hidden. French Soldier: Yes, at least it is hidden. It’s not so bad. Wanting to console him With the mother instinct Suddenly Startled And sure enough, she has no left arm! All the other dolls begin to wake just now, and they wake up faster because both Japanese doll and boxing doll are very excited over this new discovery. She kisses the Japanese doll In tears Bursting into tears In tears She is very calm and quiet. There is no resentment in her. Fierce, angry. He marches around. His right leg is rigid. Quietly Ashamed Japanese Doll: Where are your hands? Siamese Virgin: Did you notice only now? Chinese Maiden: She has no hands. Siamese Virgin: It does not matter. French Soldier: It does! It does matter! The toy maker is unjust! He has been unjust to all of us! Japanese Doll: To all? Boxing Doll: We are all defective. Siamese Virgin: We are the dolls that nobody wanted. French Soldier: She has no hands, but she has very sweet disposition. She is the kindest of all the dolls! Chinese Maiden: That is true. Igorot Dancer: Do not feel badly, because you have one arm. I am a dancing doll. All my sisters are dancing dolls. But I cannot dance†¦. My sisters are most graceful†¦ All of them were bought†¦. But look at me†¦. No one wants a dancing doll that cannot dance. Muslim Warrior: I’ll kill him! I’ll kill the toymaker! Igorot Dancer: He only says that. He can’t kill anybody. Muslim Warrior: Yes†¦ That is my defect†¦ I cannot draw my kris†¦ All my brothers could. They could draw, and brandish their blades above their heads, and fight! But I†¦. I am a Muslim warrior, whose hands stops right here. Igorot Dancer: It is better that way. Muslim Warrior: You are a dancer who cannot dance, and I am a warrior who cannot fight. Both of us are doomed to stay in this shop forever. Chinese Maiden: It is a beautiful shop. Japanese Doll: I don’t see anything wrong with you? Chinese Maiden: That is because I am sitting down. Japanese Doll: What is he trying to say? Boxing Doll: The Chinese maiden ? she has no feet. Chinese Maiden: It is nothing. Japanese Doll: What is the matter with him? Boxing Doll: He can’t talk. Japanese Doll: Should he be able to talk? I’m sorry. What is he trying to say? Suddenly, to the Siamese Virgin Quietly Defending the Siamese Virgin To the Japanese doll She moves and her motions are stiff, jerky awkward Savage Gently Sadly He tries to draw his kris, and the hand comes to a sudden stop six inches from the scabbard Gently Dejected Walking around the Chinese maiden The American Indian makes signs, slaps his moccasined feet and makes an negative gesture with his hand. With a gentle gesture of the hands Pointing to the American Indian The American Indian makes eloquent signs, telling her many things. She is embarrassed Turns to the boxing doll Boxing Doll: That his brothers ? all of them ? could talk. Not only talk, but whoop and holler. That is why they were all bought, because they had such a splendid wharl whoop. But this one—he is a silent redskin. Nobody wants him. Chinese Maiden: He is very good. Japanese Doll: We all have defects. Boxing Doll: Yes. Japanese Doll: We are the dolls that nobody wanted. Boxing Doll: Yes. French Soldier: It is the fault of the toymaker! Muslim Warrior: He didn’t have to make us all defective! Boxing Doll: He didn’t have to make me so that I always fall down! French Soldier: Why am I cripple? Because he wanted me to be a cripple? Boxing Doll: Right! French Soldier: The toymaker is wicked and evil! Boxing Doll: Right! Muslim Warrior: Let us destroy him! Boxing Doll: Right! Siamese Virgin: How can you destroy him? We were nothing. He made us. Should we not be grateful for our hands and eyes? Hands are wonderful. Igorot Dancer: All things are wonderful. Boxing Doll: I am a boxer who can never win. Igorot Dancer: Even defeat is wonderful. French Soldier: Women! Bah! Siamese Virgin: He made us out of his mind. He never went to Siam. He never saw out temples there. He never saw a Siamese Virgin. He read of us in books, and he dreamed. He dreamed of me, and made me, and loved me. Should I not be grateful? French Soldier: Loved you? When he gave you no hands? Siamese Virgin: I do not know why I have no hands. But there is a reason. I am sure there is a reason. French Soldier: Your sisters had hands! Siamese Virgin: Ah, yes! My sisters! They were beautiful!. . . do you remember the first night we were made? Do you remember how we danced? French Soldier: I remember. Boxing Doll: I remember. Muslim Warrior: I remember. Defending the American Indian. The Indian kneels beside her and she puts her hand to his forehead. The American Indian makes signs Quietly, to the French Soldier. The male dolls are crestfallen. They are helpless and know it. Fiercely Puzzled, a little confident Dreaming Japanese Doll: I was not here. I was not yet made. What was it like? Siamese Virgin: Well. . . you see. . . n Siam the music is a little different. The music is like this. . . Japanese Doll: Beautiful! French Soldier: The very night that they were made, my brothers were made, too! How brave! How gallant! How noble! Ah, if you would have seen them! Japanese Doll: Were they like you? French Soldier: Like me? Cripples? Not they! They were quick, and strong, and discipline! Do you remember how they march ed around the shop? Igorot Dancer: I remember! Chinese Maiden: I remember! Japanese Doll: I wasn’t here. French Soldier: Well. . . with drums. They used drums, see?. . . and everything was in cadence. . . with the rifles. . with the long bayonets. . . the drums beat, the trumpets blared, and then the soldiers came. . . Japanese Doll: Bravo! Were they all bought, your brothers? French Soldier: All but me. Siamese Virgin: The man who bought them – he did not know the soldier dolls as we know them. Franz was the best of all! French Soldier: You are very kind. Siamese Virgin: But Lani – she is a real dancing doll! You should have seen her sisters when they were new! It is wonderful how the toymaker made them! So graceful! You would think they were real! Japanese Doll: That was the first Filipino dance I have ever seen! Igorot Dancer: I do not know if we are Filipinos. She continues to explain, with gestures, and lo, she describe it so vividly that we know longer hear her voice, we really hear the music! And when she describe the dance, you could swear the Siamese dancer were there in the toy shop, dancing! They could not be, of course, but the dolls have powerful imagination, and when she finishes, it certainly seems as if we had seen a dance. Contemptuous of himself It seems as if there are soldiers in the shop At the end of description claps To the Siamese Virgin He kisses her hand To the Japanese doll Pointing to the Igorot Dancer Tom-tom, and by the golly, there are Igorot dancer! They are real! Well, I guess anything can happen in a toy shop on Christmas eve. Claps when they are gone Muslim Warrior: Of course, you are Filipinos. You were here first! You were here – your people ? even before my people. . . And my people – we came at the dawn of history! Japanese Doll: Who are your people? Muslim Warrior: The Muslims! My brothers. . . My people. . . Igorot Dancer: Our people! Muslim Warrior: Yes. . . North and South. . . different dress, different food, different dances, different tongues, but. . . Igorot Dancer: One heart. Muslim Warrior: Yes, one heart. Japanese Doll: Did your brothers dance? Boxing Doll: Well, not exactly dance. We . . . we worked out. Japanese Doll: You always say that. Worked out. What is â€Å"worked out†? Boxing Doll: Well. .we . . . we just. . . work out. I mean . . . we well, skip rope, and then we punch the light bag. The rope skipping is for footwork. The light bag is to make your eyes quick, and to give you timing. Then calisthenics, and weight pulling, and the heavy bag, and then sparring. Japanese Doll: I do not understand a single word. Boxing Doll: Look. . . I will explain. Roadwork. Let’s start with roadwork. . . Japanese Doll: Ah! I see! Boxing Doll: Whew, what a workout! Japanese Doll: Workout? Boxing Doll: Oh, no! No! That means another thing. I mean. . . Is that so? Oho! Oho! Is that so? Japanese Doll: Don’t fight! Boxing Doll: He says his brothers could lick my brothers any day in the week. And twice on Sunday! He says his brothers could beat my brothers six times a week and twice on Sunday. Chinese Maiden: He comes from San Beda. Boxing Doll: I’d like to see your brothers. I’d just like to see ‘em. Proudly. And there they are! They look fierce and can certainly swing a kris. They don’t have any trouble getting them out of the scabbards. To the Boxing doll Desperate. Boxers are working out in the toy shop. At end Mopping brow Suddenly American Indians signs to the Boxing Doll. The American Indians signs again. Boxing Doll looks tough. The American Indians signs. Boxing Doll is enraged. Happy The American Indian claps his hands, and. . Japenese Doll: How wild! How blood-thirsty! Is he wild? Chinese Maiden: He is very gentle. Japanese Doll: What does he say? Chinese Maiden: He says you ought to see my sisters. He says my sisters are very lovely. Japanese Doll: What does he say? What is he saying? Boxing Doll: He says that of all the Chinese dolls that the toymaker made, the loveliest is Lau Ying. Japanese Doll: The loveliest is Lau Ying. Who is Lau Ying? Chinese Maiden: Even though I cannot walk? Japanese Doll: I can translate that! He says that you are by far the loveliest, even though you cannot walk. Chinese Maiden: You should have seen my sisters. Japanese Doll: Did. . . Did I have any sisters? Boxing Doll: You did! Japanese Doll: Many? Boxing Doll: Many. Japanese Doll: Where are they? Boxing Doll: They were all bought. Japanese Doll: All bought, except me. Boxing Doll: The toymaker made you last, just today, after all the others were sold. Japanese Doll: He must have made me in a hurry, to have forgotten my arm. there they are! In fact, you hear them long before you see them because they come howling and whooping into the shop, complete with tomahawks and almost scalp the Boxing Doll but the silent Indian stop them. When they are gone. To the Chinese Maiden pointing to the silent Indian. Putting her hand on the Indians arm. The American Indian signs eagerly. To the Chinese Maiden. The American Indian signs again eagerly. She flushes with happiness. The American Indian signs again earnestly and she hangs her head silently. The Chinese Maiden shakes her head and will not talk. Her eyes are on the ground. The American Indian signs again earnestly. Japanese Doll looks at the Boxing Doll. Carefully Pauses while she thinks about this. Suddenly. Boxing Doll points to the Chinese Maiden. The American Indian nods contentedly. Looks up at him. The American Indians signs to her. Happy. The Chinese Maiden looks at her. Shakes her head sadly The sisters come gracefully; they are all lovely but Lau Ying is the loveliest of them all. When they are gone Hangs her head in shame Siamese Virgin: The toymaker is never in a hurry. Japanese Doll: Then why did he forget? Siamese Virgin: The toymaker never forgets. Japanese Doll: You mean. . . you mean he left my arm off deliberately? Boxing Doll: Yes. French Soldier: He made us all defective, deliberately. Japanese Doll: How cruel! Siamese Virgin: There must be a reason. French Soldier: The reason is that he is a mean and a wicked toymaker! Siamese Virgin: Don’t say that! Japanese Doll: But my sisters – my beautiful sisters – they all had arms? Siamese Virgin: Yes, they all had arms. Boxing Doll: Why? Japanese Doll: Why what? Boxing Doll: Why do I fall down? French Soldier: Why is my leg stiff? Igorot Dancer: Why am I so awkward? Muslim Warrior: Why does my hand stop, right here? Siamese Virgin: It is not because the toymaker is defective. He could have made us perfect, if he wanted to. Japanese Doll: But he didn’t want to. Boxing Doll: Why? First Painting Angel: Why, what? Second Painting Angel: Yes, why, what? Boxing Doll: Why did the toymaker make us all defective? Japanese Doll: Who are they? Siamese Virgin: They are the Painting Angels. Japanese Doll: Painting Angels? Siamese Virgin: Yes. At night they go around while people are asleep and paint the thought lines into all their faces. First Painting Angels: It’s wonderful work! You know where we just were? Looks from one doll to the other. They hang their heads. Tries not to cry Tries to defend the toymaker. Consoles her, the Japanese girls come softly into the toy shop, and maybe. . . maybe. . . these are the prettiest of all. They have fans, of course, and parasols, and this helps them to look beautiful. When the Japanese dolls are gone, all are silent, all thinking the same thing. Tries to draw his kris for a thousandth time, and angry Loud, clear, strong, voicing the silent rebellion of all of them. Two little angels pop in the toy shop. They carry paint and brushes. Boxing Doll: Where? Second Painting Angels: At the toymaker’s! First Painting Angels: We were painting the thought lines I his face. On Christmas Eve the thoughts of everyone are beautiful, but the toymaker’s thoughts – they were the prettiest of all! Boxing Doll: What was he thinking of? Second Painting Doll: He was thinking of you. Boxing Doll: Us? First Painting Angel: Yes, all of you. He was thinking of the dolls that nobody wanted. Boxing Doll: What was he thinking about us? French Soldier: Was he sorry because of the money he lost when nobody bought us? First Painting Angel: No. Muslim Warrior: Was he gloating over our misery? Was he happy because we are sick? Second Painting Angel: Oh, no! Japanese Doll: Angel, what was he thinking? First Painting Angel: Well, he always thinks of all the dolls he has made. He loves every one. Boxing Doll: Loves! Ha! First Painting Angel: Yes. He loves every one. But he cannot keep any, because he is such a good toymaker that all his dolls are beautiful and so people buy them. As soon as he makes a doll, someone falls in love with it and buys it. He wants to keep his favorite dolls, but he cannot, because he is a toymaker and he has to sell whatever people want to buy. Boxing Doll: What has that to do with us? First Painting Angel: I’m getting to it. Everytime the toymaker sells a doll we have to paint a little sad line into his face, because he loves each doll so much. But tonight – tonight he was thinking of you, and all the lines are smiling lines. Japanese Doll: Why, angel? Boxing Doll: Why? French Soldier: Why? Siamese Virgin: Angel, please tell us why? First Painting Angel: You are the dolls that he loves most†¦He always loved you best Grimly Cheerfully Casually Snorting in contempt Fierce Quietly in earnest even before he made you, even when you existed only in his mind. And he knew, from his long experience with toys, that if he made you perfect you would go away from him. So he made your leg stiff, soldier. And he left off your hands my little virgin. And he made you so you could not win. And he made you so you could not win. He made you so you would always lose, and would be his, forever. Japanese Doll: You mean. . . he wants us. . for himself? Second Painting Angel: You are the ones whom the toymaker loves. First Painting Angel: There was no other way to keep you. Siamese Virgin: I knew there was a reason! Second Painting Angel: You see, the toymaker always thinks of all his toys. He never forgets a single one! Tonight, while he was sleeping, they were dancing through his head, all of them, the Siamese Temple Girls, and the brave French Soldiers. . . Second Painting Angel: They are always in his mind, even when he should be sleeping – the Igorot Dancing Girls and the Muslim Warriors. . . He never forgets them, no matter how far apart they are, even if they are on the opposites sides of the earth – the American Indians and the lovely Chinese Maidens. . . He never forgets you, sweet little Japanese Doll, even though you have only one arm. . . and he never forgets you, Boxing Doll, even though you never win. . First Painting Angel: But you. . . the defective ones. . . you are the ones he wants for himself. Of all the toys that the toymaker has made, he loves you the best. Second Painting Angel: That’s why you’re defective, soldier. Sighing deeply Across the shop, the soldiers and the maidens dance, just as they danced across the mind o f the toymaker. Together they dance Together they dance. They claim the American Indians came originally from China, over the Bering Sea, and when you see them dance together you think maybe this is true. . . The Japanese Dolls and the boxers, all mixed up, are in the mind of the toymaker. Putting her hand on the shoulder of the French Soldier. Suddenly, the clock strikes, all stop, frozen, listening. One – two – three- four – five – six! Boxing Doll: Six o’clock! Muslim Warrior: Here comes the toymaker! Toymaker: Poor little Chinese Doll! You feel rejected. When all the other dolls were bought, and you were left – it was like a slap in the face. . . like a slap in the face. . . Roman Soldier: Answerest thou the highest priest so? The Man: If I had done evil, give me testimony of the evil. But if well, why strikest thou me? Toymaker: My warrior. . . my warrior who cannot fight. . . he other dolls were taken and you were left here. You were rejected. Others were chosen, instead of you. . . that is painful. I know. . . Crowd: Barabas! Barabas! Give us Barabas! Pilate: But what shall I do with him? Crowd: Crucify him! Crucify him! Pilate: Shall I crucify your king? Crowd: We have no king but Caesar! Barabas! Free Barabas! Away wit h this man! Crucify him! We have n king but Caesar! At the door, loud, strong, clear. The dolls hurry back to the position they were in when we first saw them, in the blue moonlight. The two angel steal softly away. The toymaker opens his door and comes in. He is a white haired, gentle old man, and we can see his face the lines that the painting angels have painted – the sad lines and the smiling lines. He goes from doll to doll, looking at each one. He stops to look at the Chinese Doll. Music: Chinese theme Gently Outside of the shop, somewhere beyond the street, we see a man standing with his hands bound, and two Roman Soldiers standing beside him. Harshly. The soldier turns and slaps the man across the face. We hear the slap, loud and clear. Slowly, the man disappears and we see the street again. The toymaker goes to the French Soldier. (Music: The French man’s theme) Then he goes to the Igorot Dancer. (Music: Igorot theme) He also moves to the Muslim Warrior (Music: Muslim theme) Gently Somewhere outside the shop, and beyond the street, we see a white balcony. A man is standing on the balcony, with his hands bound behind him. Pilate, the governor, is bending over the white rail. Pilate washes his hands. The crowd shouts A Lone Harsh Voice: Barabas! Toymaker: My Boxing Doll. . . you are always falling down. . . you lost in public. . . you were shamed and humiliated. . . you fell, not dance, but many times. . . that is painful. I remember. The Man: Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do! Boxing Doll: Lord, remember me! French Soldier: Remember me! Muslim Warrior: Remember me! The Man: This day. . . this day thou shalt be with me. . . in paradise! Triumphantly. Slowly the balcony fades, and we see the street again. The toymaker goes to the Siamese Virgin and looks at her, his head to one side. (Music: The Siamese Theme) Toymaker goes to the American Indian and looks at him with love. (Music: Indian Theme) He goes to the Japanese Doll (Music: Japanese theme) Finally, he goes the Boxing Doll. Outside the shop, and beyond the street, we see the man carrying his cross. He is flanked by two soldiers and two workmen, who have hammers and nails. . . The man falls. The crowd roars. The two soldiers lift the man to his feet. They strip off his clothing. One of the soldiers carries the clothing away triumphantly. The other soldier forces the man down on the cross. The workmen nail him to it. We hear the sound of the hammers. Nailing is finished. . . The cross is elevated. The man hangs there while the soldiers roll dice for the robe, and the workmen sit at the foot of the cross. Suddenly wheeling toward the cross. Suddenly turning toward the cross. Turning toward the cross. The American Indian makes a painful, inarticulate sound which means Remember me. The girl dolls turn slowly to the cross and lift up their arms in supplication. On the cross Slowly, the cross fades and we see the street again. The dolls turn toward the door of the toymaker. He is standing there, with his arms outstretched. The dolls turn to their original position. Slowly the toymaker comes down the steps and goes to the Boxing Doll and the Japanese Doll. He stands between them, looking from one to the other. Then he puts his hand, gently, on the shoulder of the Boxing Doll. Music-up full to finish.

Dred scott v sanford essays

Dred scott v sanford essays The Dred Scott decision was an important ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States that had a significant influence on the issue of slavery. The case was decided in 1857 and, in effect, declared that no blackfree or slavecould claim United States citizenship. Slaves were viewed as property, and such had no individual right. Furthermore, the decision indicated that Congress could not prohibit slavery in United States territories. I believe that the decision was morally wrong and failed to recognize the rights of people to be free. In addition, the ruling had many political and social implications, aroused angry resentment in the North and led the nation a step closer to civil war. The decision was finally overridden after the Civil War with the introduction and passage of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This amendment, adopted in 1868, extended citizenship to former slaves and gave them the benefit and protection of individual rights. (textbook, 295) The Dred Scott the decision involved a slave owned by U.S. Army surgeon, John Emerson. Emerson lived in Missouri, a state that permitted slavery. In 1834, Scott went to live with Emerson in Illinois, a state that prohibited slavery. They later lived in the Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was forbidden by the Missouri Compromise. In 1838, Scott returned to Missouri with Emerson. Emerson died in Missouri in 1843, and three years later, Scott sued the surgeon's widow for his freedom. Scott based his suit on the argument that his former residence in a free state and a free territoryIllinois and Wisconsinmade him a free man. A state circuit court ruled in Scott's favor, but the Missouri Supreme Court later reversed the decision. Meanwhile, Scott had become legally regarded as the property of John F. A. Sanford of New York. Because Sanford did not live in Missouri, Scott's lawyers were able to transfer the case to a federal court. This court ruled against Sco ...

The Development and Evolution of the CIAs Directorate of Science and Technology

The Development and Evolution of the CIAs Directorate of Science and Technology The CIA’s directorate of science and technology was founded on the recommendations of the Dulles committee, the Hoover commission, and the Eberstat committee who analyzed the intelligence programs of CIA and other government agencies in 1948 and found that scientific intelligence was wanting. It has its headquarters in Langley in McLean, Virginia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Development and Evolution of the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is known by various names that include, Langley, the company, and the CIA. However, most of the important research installations are secret and some are hidden underground for security reasons (Richelson 181). The United States government created the first central intelligence agency, the office of strategic services (OSS) during world war one. It was tasked with special operations which included espionage, sabota ge, and counterintelligence among many other functions. After the war president Harry Truman disbanded OSS, and its functions taken by the war and states department. This led to the formation of the CIA. The CIA was made more powerful by the National Security Council directive on office of special projects in June 1948 (NSC 10/2) that mandated it to attack hostile elements including states, groups, or individuals secretly to totally absolve the United States in the minds of the public eye from blame. The central intelligence act of 1948 completely legalized the secrecy of the agency and hence it was not answerable to the public domain. The military arms of the government and the CIA had almost the same mandate because they complemented each other and sometimes it led to disagreements as in the case when the CIA put a stop to the Air Force attempt to take over a project they had initially rejected (Richelson 15) In 1953, the CIA under Allen W. Dulles became highly innovative and many scientific breakthroughs were made through his directorship. One area he succeeded was scientific intelligence gathering. It required extensive research to develop advanced technology and the CIA was mandated to come up with the technology to collect intelligence, analyze it, and come up with fail proof strategies to safe guard the American people and their soil. This resulted in the creation of the deputy directorate of research in 1962, which evolved to the deputy directorate of science and technology in 1963 later renamed the directorate of science and technology in 1965. Under Dulles, the most celebrated spy satellites, the U-2, A-12 and the Berlin tunnel were successfully built (Richelson 94). This was a major advancement in the espionage and signals intelligence as it gave the US the capability to analyze foreign countries weaponry.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With these technologies, USA was able to spy on foreign countries including those viewed as hostile and aggressive towards it and hence it could be able to strategically create a defense system in response to the threats against it. Intelligence gathered could prevent costly and sometimes fatal missions to gather information that was previously done by trained soldiers or civilians. This hence explicitly showed that the future of power lay on intelligence and hence the CIA directorate of science and technology grew rapidly and became a force to reckon with. Many important medical technologies were discovered and are used extensively today including the heart pace maker. Despite the major advances in espionage technology and weaponry, the CIA directorate of science and technology felt the need to influence other foreign nations and hence lost tract of its mandate. Rear Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter, who was the first director of the CIA, successfully supported the Christian Democrats of It aly plunging USA into the world of foreign power manipulation to achieve its own end. This created a lot of resentment and distrust and major countries including the Soviet Union started a race to become as powerful as (or more powerful than) the United States. The CIA with its vast resources would have pioneered other projects that could have increased America’s security and sustainability. The competition for oil supplies was another front the CIA was directly involved in, and with its finances and technology it overthrew the Iran’s Premier Mohammed Mossadegh in 1953 through a coup. This was a direct provocation and most of the enmity and suspicion felt towards the United States by Arabian countries stemmed from the push to control oil resources in foreign countries notably Arabic countries. The Kennedy administration was responsible for the failed assassination attempt of the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro in 1961, famously known as the Bay of Pigs invasion. The United States government through the CIA trained 1500 Cuban exiles; who were supposed to invade Cuba and cause an uprising which would topple the dictator. The attempt backfired nastily and the president accepted to shoulder the blame in which some of the exiles were killed in action. The mess was a total embarrassment for the United States government and its intelligence agency as its intelligence had gone wrong. Fidel Castro became a hostile enemy of the United States and probably this rivalry would not be present had the United States kept out of the country’s affairs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Development and Evolution of the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More President Ronald Reagan also continued his predecessor’s footsteps and despite the United States government having several scandals, his administration secretly sold arms in the 1980s to Ir an to be used against Iraq. This was despite the fact that the two countries were arch enemies. It was alleged that the proceeds from the secrets arm deals were used to fund terrorist groups attempting to overthrow the Nicaraguan government. This was against the congressional legislations and the United Nations directives. This illustrates the high handedness of the CIA as they could get away with anything despite having good legislation. These incidents clearly show that the agency was operating without restrain In the 1970s, under President Nixon, the curtain began falling on the agency perpetuated by the Watergate scandal where President Nixon using the CIA tried to unofficially impede the federal bureau of investigations from investigating a burglary in the Watergate headquarters carried out by ex-CIA agents. When the truth was finally out the president had to resign. Following revelations of the excesses of the CIA that included attempted assassinations, domestic citizen, spyin g, and other violations the congress sought to correct the problem by curtailing the powers of the CIA; through the church committee in the senate and in the House of Representatives through the pike committees. Somehow, these unfortunate incidents led the CIA to start modernizing its operations but with some delays (Richelson 234). It is true to say that to a large extent the CIA has failed in its inherent mandate of gathering and analyzing information. Contrary to its mandate of tracking down weapons of mass destruction, it failed to predict the Indian nuclear tests in 1974, though it had prior knowledge of the developments. In September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda managed to stage an attack in United States soil with huge losses in life and property. Lack of sharing information between intelligence agencies led to this catastrophic terrorism attack but an executive summary report indicated that the agency was not fully prepared to deal with the threats posed by Al-Qaeda. In 1986, the CIA set up a counterterrorist center to deal with terrorism. Regrettably, some of the most dangerous terrorists that have caused havoc and loss of innocent lives were a creation of the CIA. Osama bin laden who founded Al Qaeda was financially supported and given military training by the CIA in the late 80s.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The support of his group was initially aimed at fighting covert battles for the United States but the plan backfired and Osama bin laden became an extremist sorely focused to destroy American interests. Had the CIA stuck to its mandate and avoided active roles in foreign countries, probably terrorism activity would not be of the same magnitude as it is today and the strength that Al Qaeda had was a direct result of the early influences of the CIA. To counter terrorism, the CIA rose to the occasion and actively pursued terror masterminds whom they killed using advanced technology through drone attacks. Notably, in 1996 the CIA set up stations specifically to monitor and try to track Osama bin Laden through information supplied by Al-Fadl who defected to the CIA in 1976 a feat accomplished in 2011. With extensive and advanced technology, the CIA can and would have led the war on drugs and human trafficking especially in the United States soil; it could have predicted and stopped the o nset of genocides in Africa and other parts of the world. The CIA should have used its resources for the betterment of humanity through research in medicine, alternative power, and environmental conservation. There are many areas in the world today that require dedicated and continued research to solve some of the emerging issues and with its capability the CIA can succeed where others have failed. Richelson, Jeffrey. The Wizards of Langley: Inside the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology. Boulder, Co: West view Press, 2001. Print

Promotional Campaign Olympenergy the energy drink Research Proposal

Promotional Campaign Olympenergy the energy drink - Research Proposal Example The health and energy drinks sector is the most promising, profitable and growing segment in the UK (Reuters, 2008). Accordingly Unilever plans to launch its new energy drink during the London 2012 Olympics which would give the brand a good start. This product will be labeled Olympenergy and would be an energy drink, basically a sports drink without artificial sugar. This sport drink would also be beneficial for the older generation as it would reduce muscles and joint aches. It would help the viewers of the Olympics by providing cognitive support. The energy drinks market in the UK has very high potential. This is evident from a report which says that an energy drink with an Asian ant as its principal agent made a successful entry in the UKs stimulant drinks market (Functional Ingredients, 2002). This drink raises the energy level, fights ageing, and enhances sexual vigour apart from fortifying the different systems in the body. Moreover, the energy and sport drink market is thrivin g in the UK with 484 million litres drunk in 2008 (Williams, 2011). Energy drink producers are generally targeting the young and active consumers. The campaign for plan to leverage the maximum promotional benefits is presented below. 2. Marketing strategy The marketing strategy of consumer goods has undergone a change due to internationalization and globalization. Marketing is not just restricted to adjusting the elements of the marketing mix. Today products marketing demands services being extended to the consumers, and services have extended elements of marketing mix. The marketing campaigning would include several tasks such as taking into account the issues of standardization and adaptation. 2.1 Standardization and... Unilever markets its products in all markets including the developed and the developing countries. Standardization means that the same marketing strategy is applied in all markets without considering the local factors. Standardization means identical product lines at identical prices through identical distribution systems with identical promotional programmes. Standardization can bring about significant benefits but this can be feasible if the markets and the consumer behavior are homogenous. Markets are supposed to be homogenized because of advanced technology in communication and information systems but heterogeneous cultures, political systems and economic conditions across borders makes this task difficult. Standardization is a product-oriented approach and not a customer-oriented approach to marketing. Product focus can blind the company to the consumer needs and wants. Standardization ignores the customer needs and the focus is on reducing the product variables. Cultural differ ences and competitor strategy are also important factors in devising the marketing strategy of such products. Thus, local adaptation becomes essential in devising the market plans.

What do you feel is the most effective way to administer probation Essay - 1

What do you feel is the most effective way to administer probation - Essay Example Some of the activities include catering services in homes for the elderly and environmental cleaning activities in a bid to foster responsible behavior among the junior offenders so that they can be received back into the community. Another approach to probation is restitution in which the judge may order the law-breaker to pay some fine or compensation to the victim in order to avoid a jail term. The fine is meant to offer compensation for the loss caused to the victim. The level of compensation is set by the judge based on the nature of the damage caused and failure to meet such regulations by the offender may lead to harsh penalties such as a jail sentence. Day treatment is another form of administering probation that is applied to mentally incapacitated and alcohol abuse offenders. This involves counseling services to the offenders and group therapies. The most effective form of administering probation is the community service method. This is because it exposes the offender to the realities of life as well as facilitating the process of being accepted by the community. Community service initiatives promote responsibility among the juvenile offenders thus making them responsible members of the society. It fu rther creates awareness among the offenders as they come to terms with their victims who may be part of the same community in which they are involved (Bartollas, Clemens, and Stuart J. Miller,

Used Book Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Used Book Business - Essay Example Location – Used book stores are best suited to be located in high traffic region. A store in the vicinity of a university or college will have added advantage. Shopping malls and popular hangouts are also preferred location for used book store. Proximity to new book store is also ideal. Manpower – A good number of people should be involved in the business to source, refer and negotiate the purchase of books from the initial owner to the prospective buyer. Over the counter sales has to be assigned only to book lovers who have an outgoing attitude, business aptitude and are personable. Training employees at various level of operation will enable them to handle the store in the absence of the owner. Promotion – It may be noted that used book buyer is usually not an in depth reader. Hence adequate marketing and promotional activities should be carried to bring in people to the store to browse through the used books. Design of the store – The used book store should have a clear show window with the arrangement of books in uncluttered style. Prospective buyers should be able to view the book and this is vital to attract passers by. Used book business can be started by selling the owner’s collection of books which forms the inventory on launch. The initial stocks can also include the books donated by relatives, friends and neighbors (How to Make It Big with a Used-Book Store). The short term objective of the store should be service oriented rather than aim to make huge profits. This earns reputation and future prospects for sale. The business should make sure to obtain positive feedbacks from customers and make courtesy communication to understand the pulse of the customers (Weber & Weber 2005 p.57). The next step is to search for prospective book sellers from whom books can be purchased at a low cost. Low cost books can also be gathered from goodwill stores, garage sales, church